The Science Behind How Medical Abortion Pills Work
Medical abortion is not a single pill, but an evidence-based clinical regimen consisting of two complementary medications: Mifepristone and Misoprostol. Together, they replicate the natural biological process of an early miscarriage.
The Dual Mechanism of Action
1. Mifepristone: The Progesterone Blocker
During pregnancy, the ovaries and placenta produce high levels of progesterone, the essential pregnancy hormone that maintains the uterine lining and supports the embryo. Mifepristone binds competitively to progesterone receptors in the endometrium, blocking progesterone's signal. Without this support, the uterine lining breaks down and the embryo detaches.
2. Misoprostol: The Uterine Contractor
Misoprostol is a synthetic prostaglandin E1 analogue. When placed between the cheek and gums or under the tongue, it triggers rhythmic contractions in the uterine myometrium and simultaneously causes the cervix to soften and gently open. The contractions safely push the detached tissue out through the vaginal canal.